Which of the following represents an urban transformation due to new residents?

Gentrification is a concept that specifically refers to the process of urban transformation that occurs when new residents—often more affluent individuals—move into a previously lower-income neighborhood. This influx of higher-income residents typically leads to increased property values and living costs, which can displace existing residents and alter the community's social fabric.

The phenomenon often results in the renovation of homes, improved local businesses, and enhanced infrastructure. This transformation can ultimately make the neighborhood more appealing to a wealthier demographic but may simultaneously push out long-time residents who can no longer afford to live in the area. Gentrification reflects the broader patterns of urban renewal and redevelopment triggered by the arrival of these new residents, distinguishing it from other processes such as urban sprawl, suburban expansion, or rural development, which do not primarily center around the dynamics of a neighborhood's socio-economic landscape due specifically to incoming demographics.